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      USING MICROSOFT EXCEL WITH EXTENDED AND EXPANDED MEMORY
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Microsoft Excel has the ability to use memory beyond the basic
640K in your computer.  This memory can be of one of two types:
expanded or extended.  Expanded memory allows Microsoft Excel to 
both operate faster and handle larger models.  Extended memory 
mainly allows Microsoft Excel to operate faster, although in 
computers based on the Intel 80386 processor it also allows 
Microsoft Excel to handle larger models. 

This file includes information on the following:

  *Using Expanded Memory
  *Using Extended Memory
  *Emulating Expanded Memory with Extended memory
  *Using the built-in Extended memory driver
  *Using Smartdrive
  *Using wide worksheets in Expanded Memory
  *Reserving Expanded memory for the macro translation assistant

To read this file:
  *Use the PgUp/PgDn keys to see the next/previous page.
  *Press the Esc key to finish viewing the file.


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USING EXPANDED MEMORY

Expanded memory is memory that conforms to the EMS (LIM) or EEMS 
specifications.  To add expanded memory, you install an EMS or EEMS
board (e.g. INTEL Above Board or AST Rampage!) in your computer
along with it's appropriate expanded memory manager.

Microsoft Excel requires an expanded memory driver that uses 
LIM EMS 3.2 or greater, which includes EEMS and LIM EMS 4.0.  
However, using LIM EMS 4.0 provides benefit to Microsoft Windows 
as well as better overall performance.

The Microsoft Excel 2.1 package contains software supporting the 
AST RAMpage!, the IBM Personal System/2 80286 Memory Expansion Option, 
the AT&T Expanded Memory Adapter, and the Intel Above Board.  This 
software is located in four files, REMM.SYS, PS2EMM.SYS, AEMM.SYS and 
EMM.SYS located on your Utilities disk.

The software for the AST RAMpage is named REMM.SYS.  For detailed
instructions on how to install REMM.SYS, see the file REMM.TXT on
your Utilities disks.

The software for the IBM Personal System/2 80286 Memory Expansion Option
is named  PS2EMM.SYS.  For detailed instructions on how to install
PS2EMM.SYS, see the file PS2EMM.TXT on the Utilities Disk.  NOTE:  This
driver does NOT work with the "IBM 80286 Expanded Memory Adapter /A",
also known as the XMA board.  If you wish to use the XMA board with
Microsoft Excel 2.1, you will need to install the LIM EMS 3.2 driver
included with your XMA board.

The software for the AT&T Expanded Memory Adapter is named AEMM.SYS.
For detailed instructions on how to install AEMM.SYS, see the file
AEMM.TXT on your Utilities disks.

The software for the Intel Above Board is named EMM.SYS. For detailed
instructions on how to install EMM.SYS, see the file EMM.TXT on your
Utilities disks.


To set up an expanded memory board with Microsoft Excel:

1.  Check the documentation for your expanded memory
    board to make sure your expanded memory driver
    supports the EMS or EEMS specification.

2.  Install the expanded memory board according to the
    manufacturer's instructions.

3.  Install the expanded memory driver according to the
    manufacturer's instructions.

    The installation may include modifying your computer's
    CONFIG.SYS file (a file used by DOS with start-up
    information for the devices in your system) and
    restarting your computer to make sure the expanded
    memory driver is loaded.

Once you've installed expanded memory, you can start Microsoft Excel.
Microsoft Excel will then use expanded memory automatically; no
additional steps are necessary. You can verify how much expanded
memory is available to Microsoft Excel using the Help About command.

You can allocate expanded memory in a variety of ways. Many expanded
memory boards include utilities that enhance the functionality of
the board, such as print spoolers and disk caching. When using
Microsoft Excel, you should only use expanded memory for storing
Microsoft Excel's data or for Smartdrive.  Other uses (like a print
spooler) detract from the amount of memory that Microsoft Excel can
use for data, and provide no major benefits to Microsoft Excel.

Using Smartdrive in expanded memory:

Note: To be effective, Smartdrive requires at least 256kb of
memory.  Also note, when installing SMARTDRV.SYS in expanded 
memory, be sure that the "device=SMARTDRIVE.SYS [size] /A" command 
line in your CONFIG.SYS file appears after the command line that 
installs your expanded memory manager.  For more technical information
see "Getting the Most from Your Hardware with Microsoft Excel" which
is a separate document included in the Microsoft Excel package.

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USING EXTENDED MEMORY

Extended memory is memory beyond 640K on systems based on the Intel
80286 and 80386 processors. This memory is designed for use in
protected mode operating systems and is generally not directly
accessible to DOS programs.

You can make extended memory accessible to Microsoft Excel in one of
three ways:

a) Converting it to expanded memory by means of an expanded
memory emulation program or by using Windows/386. Use this method 
if your computer is based on the Intel 80386 processor. This method 
is not available on computers based on the Intel 80286 or 8086/8088
processors.

b) Using Microsoft Excel's built-in extended memory driver. Use this
method if your computer is based on the Intel 80286 processor and is
100% compatible with the IBM AT computer.  

NOTE:  The built in extended memory driver automatically disables
itself if you use LIM EMS 4.0 or the Windows HI-MEM extended memory
feature.  

c) Using the Smartdrive disk caching program included in your
Microsoft Excel package. 

d) Install Windows (including run-time Windows) to use 64 kb
of extended memory.  This will provide Microsoft Excel with
45kb more conventional memory which provides great performance
benefits to Microsoft Excel and Windows.  

NOTE: Using extended memory with full Windows/286 2.1 or the run-time 
version included with Microsoft Excel requires a device driver 
HIMEM.SYS be installed, SETUP will do this for you automatically.

Windows/386 does not require the HIMEM.SYS device driver, all
extended memory use and HIMEM.SYS benefits are provided internally 
by WIndows/386.

Technical information on himem.sys:
---------------------------------
On 286 or 386 machines with extended (NOT expanded) memory, it is
possible to use a 64K region at segment FFFE.  In order to gain
access to this memory, Windows needs to have the device driver himem.sys
installed in your config.sys file.  Setup will automatically install
this driver in your config.sys file if it detects the presence of
extended memory.  If you install this device driver in your config.sys
file and you do not have any extended memory available, either because
you don't have memory that is mapped to FFFE, or because smartdrv.sys
or ramdrive.sys have already been allocated that memory, you will get
an error message saying "WARNING: Himem Memory Area Unavailable" at boot
time.  Make sure that if you are using ramdrive.sys or smartdrive.sys
in addition to himem.sys that you leave sufficient memory to himem.sys.

If you have an EXPANDED memory card, you can usually adjust jumpers so
that some part of the memory is allocated to extended memory (64K would
be optimal), and the rest is allocated to expanded.  Unfortunately several
of the expanded memory cards only allow you allocate extended memory in
128K portions, which means that the extra 64K allocated to extended memory
after himem.sys has used the 64K it needs will NOT be used unless you
install ramdrive.sys or smartdrive.sys to use that extended memory.

Consult your expanded memory adapter and the associated readme files
on your Utilities disks for additional information.  Run the memset 
program for information on how memory is configured in your machine.


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EMULATING EXPANDED MEMORY WITH EXTENDED MEMORY

On computers based on the Intel 80386 processor, you can
emulate expanded memory using extended memory. There are
two basic ways to do this:

1. Use Microsoft Windows/386.  Microsoft Windows/386 provides
   expanded memory to programs like Microsoft Excel by mapping
   the extended memory in your computer as expanded memory without
   the use of any special device drivers.  Windows/386 is only 
   available for computers based on the Intel 80386 processor.

2. Use an expanded memory emulator, a program that is included
   with most computers based on the Intel 80386 processor. (For
   example, the Compaq Deskpro 386 computer includes the CEMM.EXE
   expanded memory emulator.)

   To set up extended memory to be used as expanded memory, follow 
   these steps:

   a.  Check the documentation for your computer to make sure
       it includes an expanded memory emulator program.

   b.  Install the expanded memory program according to the
       computer manufacturer's instructions.

       The installation may include modifying your computer's
       CONFIG.SYS file (a file used by DOS with start-up
       information for the devices in your system) and
       restarting your computer to make sure the expanded
       memory driver is loaded.

   Once you've installed the expanded memory emulator, you can
   start Microsoft Excel. Microsoft Excel will then use expanded
   memory automatically; no additional steps are necessary. You
   can verify how much expanded memory is available to Microsoft
   Excel using the Help About command.

   You can use the expanded memory produced by the emulator in all the
   ways you can use normal expanded memory, including for disk caching
   with Smartdrive. However, as when installing normal expanded memory,
   you should keep in mind that the memory used in this way will not be
   available to Microsoft Excel for storing data. Unless your work
   involves frequently switching back and forth between Microsoft Excel
   and other applications using Microsoft Windows, and unless you have
   1.0 MB or more of expanded memory, you will get best results by not
   installing Smartdrive and leaving all expanded memory free for
   Microsoft Excel's data.  Run the MEMSET program from the DOS prompt
   while in your Microsoft Excel directory for assistance in determining
   the best size SmartDrive to use.

NOTE:  Some expanded memory emulators may not function properly
with the Windows/286 HI-MEM feature described above.  In cases like
this, it's best to re-install Windows (or run-time Windows) to not 
use the extended memory.  Instead use the expanded memory emulator to
convert the extended memory to expanded for larger Microsoft Excel 
models.


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USING THE BUILT-IN EXTENDED MEMORY DRIVER

The Microsoft Excel program includes a built-in extended memory
driver which makes Microsoft Excel run significantly faster when used
in a machine with extended memory. This driver is automatically
enabled on the PS/2 model 50 and 60 computers, which contain 384K of
extended memory on their motherboard. The driver is disabled for all
other computers, so if your computer has extended memory but is not a
PS/2 model 50 or 60 (e.g. IBM AT with 1MB of memory in its
motherboard) you have to enable the driver if you want Microsoft
Excel to use the extended memory. 

IMPORTANT:

-The built-in extended memory driver only works on IBM PS/2, IBM AT,
and 100% compatibles. The driver does not work on computers that are
less than 100% compatible with those computers. If you do not have an
IBM PS/2 or an IBM AT computer and you decide to enable the built-in
extended memory driver, follow the procedure below very carefully
(including step 2.), so you can later undo the change and disable the
driver if it doesn't work.

-In addition to working with machines based on the Intel 80286
processor, the built-in driver will work with IBM PS/2 model 80,
Compaq Deskpro 286, and 100% compatible computers based on the Intel
386 computer. However, using the driver on Intel 80386-based machines
is not recommended since the extended memory in these machines can be
more efficiently used by Microsoft Excel through an expanded memory
emulator program.

-Certain virtual disk programs (e.g. VDISK) do not use the same
memory access conventions as the Microsoft Excel built-in extended
memory driver. Running the built-in driver at the same time as these
virtual disk programs will lead to unpredictable results. Before
enabling the driver, replace the incompatible disk program with
Smartdrive (or Ramdrive if you want a full disk Ram drive).

-NOTE:  The Microsoft Excel extended memory manager automatically
disables itself if you use LIM EMS 4.0 or the Windows HI-MEM feature.


Enabling and disabling the built-in memory driver:

1. In DOS, use the cd command to change to directory that
contains the WIN.INI file that you are using. In most cases,
this is the same directory in which you installed Excel.

2. Make a backup of your WIN.INI file by typing the following
command and pressing Enter:

  copy win.ini win.bak

3. Load the WIN.INI file in a text editor (e.g. edlin, Windows
Notepad) or a word processor (e.g. Windows Write, Microsoft
Word). Look for the text [Microsoft Excel], the section title
for the Microsoft Excel section.

4. Check the lines immediately after the section title. Look
for a line of the form "ExtendedMemory=n", where n is either 1
or 0. If the line does not exist, insert a blank line after the
section title and type "ExtendedMemory=".

5. At the right of the equal sign, type 1 to enable the
built-in extended memory driver, or type 0 to disable it.

6. Resave the file in the text editor or word processor. (If
you are using a word processor, make sure you save the file as
unformatted text).

The next time you start Microsoft Excel, the change will take place.

If you enabled the built-in driver on a computer other than an IBM
PS/2 or IBM AT, check Microsoft Excel and make sure that it operates
correctly. In computers that are not completely compatible, the
keyboard may get locked or the program may not operate at all. If
this is the case, undo the change. To do so, return to DOS, change to
the directory containing the WIN.INI file, type the following
command, and press Enter:

copy win.bak win.ini

The next time you start Microsoft Excel the change will be undone.


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USING SMARTDRIVE

Smartdrive is a disk-caching program included with Microsoft
Excel for computers that have a hard disk and an expanded or
extended memory board.  It is designed to reduce the amount of
time your computer spends reading data from your hard disk.  To
do this, Smartdrive saves information read from or written to
your hard disk in your computer's expanded or extended memory.
Smartdrive then supplies this information directly from memory
whenever an application makes a request to read the information
from your hard disk.  Smartdrive always copies new or modified
information to the hard disk as well as to expanded or extended
memory, so there is no danger of losing information when you
turn off your computer.

The SMARTDRV.SYS program file is on the Utilities 1 disk in the 
Microsoft Excel package. 

REQUIREMENTS FOR USING SMARTDRIVE.  To use Smartdrive with
Microsoft Excel, you need the following:

*An IBM PS/2, IBM PC AT, Compaq Deskpro 286, or 100% compatible, with
 a hard disk

*An expanded memory board (e.g. Intel Above Board, AST Rampage board)
 or an extended memory board.

*A CONFIG.SYS file,  (If you don't have a CONFIG.SYS file,
 use a text editor to create one in your hard disk's root
 directory.  For information about CONFIG.SYS, see your DOS
 manual.)

USING EXPANDED VERSUS EXTENDED MEMORY.  Smartdrive works best
with expanded memory, but will also provide good results with
extended memory.  If you have a choice of extended or expanded
memory, use Smartdrive with expanded memory. For information on
when to use Smartdrive with expanded and expanded memory, see
Using Expanded Memory and Using Extended Memory above.

You can install SmartDrive by running a program called Memset.
Start Memset from the DOS prompt by typing MEMSET then pressing 
the Enter key.

For technical information on how to install SmartDrive, see the
"SmartDrive" topic in the document called "Getting the Most from 
your hardware" which is a separate book included in the Microsoft 
Excel package.

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USING EXPANDED MEMORY WITH WIDE WORKSHEETS

For improved performance, Microsoft Excel only stores worksheet
data in expanded memory for rows that are up to 160 columns
wide. If you work with worksheets that have rows that are wider
than 160 columns and you encounter an "Out of Memory Message" while 
you still have free expanded memory, you can change your WIN.INI 
preferences file so that Microsoft Excel stores those rows in 
expanded memory as well.

Note:  Do not make this change unless you have expanded memory
and you need to work with very wide worksheets. Making this change
makes Microsoft Excel manage memory slightly less efficiently.
Make this change if you use wide worksheets and notice an "Out of
Memory" alert while you still have free expanded memory.

To edit the WIN.INI file to store wide rows in expanded memory
proceed as follows:

1. In DOS, use the cd command to change to the directory that
contains the WIN.INI file that you are using. In most cases,
this is the same directory in which you installed Excel.

2. To be safe, make a backup of your WIN.INI file by typing the
following command and pressing Enter:

  copy win.ini win.bak

3. Load the WIN.INI file in a text editor (e.g. edlin, Windows
Notepad) or a word processor (e.g. Windows Write, Microsoft
Word). Look for the text [Microsoft Excel], the section title
for the Microsoft Excel section.

4. Check the lines immediately after the section title. Look
for a line of the form "Block=n", where n is a number.
If the line does not exist, insert a blank line after the
section title and type "Block=2".

5. Resave the file in the text editor or word processor. (If
you are using a word processor, make sure you save the file as
unformatted text).

The next time you start Microsoft Excel the change will take
effect, and Microsoft Excel will be able to load worksheet rows
of any width into expanded memory.

If you made a mistake or you change your mind, you can undo the
change. To do so, return to DOS, change to the directory
containing the WIN.INI file, type the following command, and
press Enter:

copy win.bak win.ini

The next time you start Microsoft Excel the change will be undone.


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RESERVING EXPANDED MEMORY FOR THE MACRO TRANSLATOR ASSISTANT

If you have expanded memory on your computer, the macro
translation assistant can take advantage of that memory
to store the data structures required for the translation
process.  This allows you to translate especially complex
macros that can not be translated otherwise.

-If your expanded memory uses LIM EMS 3.2, you may need to 
explicitly enable the use of expanded memory by the translation 
assistant.

-If you are using an expanded memory driver that implements the
LIM version 4.0 or higher, the translation assistant will
access the expanded memory automatically.

You reserve memory for the macro translator by editing a line
in the WIN.INI preferences file. To edit this line, proceed as
follows:

1. In DOS, use the cd command to change to the directory that
contains the WIN.INI file that you are using. In most cases,
this is the same directory in which you installed Excel.

2. To be safe, make a backup of your WIN.INI file by typing the
following command and pressing Enter:

  copy win.ini win.bak

3. Load the WIN.INI file in a text editor (e.g. edlin, Windows
Notepad) or a word processor (e.g. Windows Write, Microsoft
Word). Look for the text [Microsoft Excel], the section title
for the Microsoft Excel section.

4. Check the lines immediately after the section title. Look
for a line of the form "EmmReserved=n", where n is a number.
If the line does not exist, insert a blank line after the
section title and type "EmmReserved=".

5. At the right of the equal sign, type the size in K of the
memory area that you want to reserve for the translation
assistant. For example, to allocate 128K to the translation
assistant, type EmmReserved=128. If you are not sure how much
memory to reserve, start with a low number (e.g. 64). If you
later get an out of memory error while translating a macro, you
can change to a higher number.

6. Resave the file in the text editor or word processor. (If
you are using a word processor, make sure you save the file as
unformatted text).

The next time you start Microsoft Excel, the specified memory
will not be used by Microsoft Excel so the translator can use it.


If you made a mistake or you change your mind, you can undo the
change. To do so, return to DOS, change to the directory
containing the WIN.INI file, type the following command, and
press Enter:

copy win.bak win.ini

The next time you start Microsoft Excel the change will be undone.


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For more information on Microsoft Excel and memory, see "Memory
management" in the Microsoft Excel reference.

For detailed technical information on memory, printers and networks
see the document titled "Getting the Most from Your Hardware with
Microsoft Excel", which is a separate booklet in the Microsoft
Excel package.

END OF "USING MICROSOFT EXCEL WITH EXTENDED AND EXPANDED MEMORY" FILE
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